Income Taxes Vary Greatly Across States: A Clear Overview for 2023
Where you live significantly impacts your state income tax responsibilities. Some states, like Alaska and Florida, do not impose individual income taxes at all. In contrast, states such as California and Hawaii operate with multiple tax brackets based on income levels. Meanwhile, others prefer a flat tax rate for simplicity.
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This guide summarizes each state’s income tax framework, comparing flat-rate to graduated-rate systems. It’s essential to note the standard deduction and personal exemption amounts, which can greatly differ from one state to another. Even in states with no income tax, residents might still face high taxes and various fees.
Alabama
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% for income over $0
- 4% for income over $500
- 5% for income over $3,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% for income over $0
- 4% for income over $1,000
- 5% for income over $6,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $3,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $8,500
- Personal Exemption (Single): $1,500
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $3,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
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Alaska
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Arizona
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 2.5%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): N/A
- Personal Exemption (Couple): N/A
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $100 credit
Arkansas
- Single Filer and Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% for income over $0
- 4% for income over $4,400
- 4.4% for income over $8,800
- Standard Deduction (Single): $2,340
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $4,680
- Personal Exemption (Single): $29 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $58 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $29 credit
California
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1% for income over $0
- 2% for income over $10,412
- 4% for income over $24,684
- 8% for income over $54,081
- 9.3% for income over $68,350
- 10.3% for income over $349,137
- 11.3% for income over $418,961
- 12.3% for income over $698,271
- 13.3% for income over $1,000,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1% for income over $0
- 2% for income over $20,824
- 4% for income over $49,368
- 8% for income over $108,162
- 9.3% for income over $136,700
- 10.3% for income over $698,274
- 11.3% for income over $837,922
- 12.3% for income over $1,000,000
- 13.3% for income over $1,396,542
- Standard Deduction (Single): $5,363
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $10,726
- Personal Exemption (Single): $144 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $288 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $446 credit
Colorado
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.4%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): N/A
- Personal Exemption (Couple): N/A
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): N/A
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Connecticut
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% for income over $0
- 4.5% for income over $10,000
- 5.5% for income over $50,000
- 6% for income over $100,000
- 6.5% for income over $200,000
- 6.9% for income over $250,000
- 6.99% for income over $500,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% for income over $0
- 4.5% for income over $20,000
- 5.5% for income over $100,000
- 6% for income over $200,000
- 6.5% for income over $400,000
- 6.9% for income over $500,000
- 6.99% for income over $1,000,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): N/A
- Standard Deduction (Couple): N/A
- Personal Exemption…
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Understanding State Tax Structures: A Breakdown for Filers
Delaware Tax Details
- Single Filer and Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2.2% > $2,000
- 3.9% > $5,000
- 4.8% > $10,000
- 5.2% > $20,000
- 5.55% > $25,000
- 6.6% > $60,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $3,250
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $6,500
- Personal Exemption (Single): $110 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $220 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $110 credit
Florida Tax Breakdown
Georgia Tax Overview
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 5.49%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $12,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $24,000
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $3,000 credit
Hawaii Tax Framework
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.4% > $0
- 3.2% > $2,400
- 5.5% > $4,800
- 6.4% > $9,600
- 6.8% > $14,400
- 7.2% > $19,200
- 7.6% > $24,000
- 7.9% > $36,000
- 8.25% > $48,000
- 9% > $150,000
- 10% > $175,000
- 11% > $200,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.4% > $0
- 3.2% > $4,800
- 5.5% > $9,600
- 6.4% > $19,200
- 6.8% > $28,800
- 7.2% > $38,400
- 7.6% > $48,000
- 7.9% > $72,000
- 8.25% > $96,000
- 9% > $300,000
- 10% > $350,000
- 11% > $400,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $2,200
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $4,400
- Personal Exemption (Single): $1,144
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $2,288
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,144
Idaho Tax Information
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 5.8%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): NA
Illinois Tax Guidelines
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.95%
- Standard Deduction (Single): NA
- Standard Deduction (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Single): $2,775
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $5,550
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $2,775
Indiana Tax Rates
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 3.05%
- Standard Deduction (Single): NA
- Standard Deduction (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Single): $1,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $2,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
Iowa Tax Structure
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4.4% > $0
- 4.82% > $6,210
- 5.7% > $31,050
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4.4% > $0
- 4.82% > $12,420
- 5.7% > $62,100
- Standard Deduction (Single): NA
- Standard Deduction (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Single): $40 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $80 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $40 credit
“`
Understanding Tax Structures Across Different States
Kansas: A Closer Look at Tax Brackets
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 3.1% for income greater than $0
- 5.25% for income greater than $15,000
- 5.7% for income greater than $30,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 3.1% for income greater than $0
- 5.25% for income greater than $30,000
- 5.7% for income greater than $60,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $3,500
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $8,000
- Personal Exemption (Single): $2,250
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $4,500
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $2,250
Kentucky: Simplified Taxation with a Flat Rate
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $3,160
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $6,320
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
Louisiana: Gradual Income Tax Rates
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 1.85% for income greater than $0
- 3.5% for income greater than $12,500
- 4.25% for income greater than $50,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 1.85% for income greater than $0
- 3.5% for income greater than $25,000
- 4.25% for income greater than $100,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): $4,500
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $9,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
Maine: A Progressive Approach to Taxes
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 5.8% for income greater than $0
- 6.75% for income greater than $26,050
- 7.15% for income greater than $61,600
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 5.8% for income greater than $0
- 6.75% for income greater than $52,100
- 7.15% for income greater than $123,250
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): $5,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $10,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $300 credit
Maryland: Varied Tax Rates Based on Income
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 2% for income greater than $0
- 3% for income greater than $1,000
- 4% for income greater than $2,000
- 4.75% for income greater than $3,000
- 5% for income greater than $100,000
- 5.25% for income greater than $125,000
- 5.5% for income greater than $150,000
- 5.75% for income greater than $250,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 2% for income greater than $0
- 3% for income greater than $1,000
- 4% for income greater than $2,000
- 4.75% for income greater than $3,000
- 5% for income greater than $100,000
- 5.25% for income greater than $175,000
- 5.5% for income greater than $225,000
- 5.75% for income greater than $300,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $2,550
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $5,150
- Personal Exemption (Single): $3,200
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $6,400
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $3,200
Massachusetts: Straightforward Exemptions
- Single Filer and Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket: Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): $4,400
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $8,800
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
Michigan: Consistent Income Tax Rate
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.25%
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): $5,600
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $11,200
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $5,600
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Minnesota: A Progressive Tax System
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 5.35% for income greater than $0
- 6.8% for income greater than $31,690
- 7.85% for income greater than $104,090
- 9.85% for income greater than $193,240
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket:
- 5.35% for income greater than $0
- 6.8% for income greater than $46,330
- 7.85% for income greater than $184,040
- 9.85% for income greater than $321,450
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,575
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,150
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $5,050
Understanding State Tax Structures: A Closer Look
Mississippi
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.7% for filers earning more than $10,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $2,300
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $4,600
- Personal Exemption (Single): $6,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $12,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,500
Missouri
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% > $1,273
- 2.5% > $2,546
- 3% > $3,819
- 3.5% > $5,092
- 4% > $6,365
- 4.5% > $7,638
- 4.8% > $8,911
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2% > $1,207
- 2.5% > $2,414
- 3% > $3,621
- 3.5% > $4,828
- 4% > $6,035
- 4.5% > $7,242
- 4.8% > $8,449
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): NA
Montana
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket NA
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket NA
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): NA
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Nebraska
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2.46% > $0
- 3.51% > $3,700
- 5.01% > $22,170
- 5.84% > $35,730
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2.46% > $0
- 3.51% > $7,390
- 5.01% > $44,350
- 5.84% > $71,460
- Standard Deduction (Single): $7,900
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $15,800
- Personal Exemption (Single): $157 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $314 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $157 credit
Nevada
- Flat Income Tax Rate: NA
- Standard Deduction (Single): NA
- Standard Deduction (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): NA
New Jersey
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.4% > $0
- 1.75% > $20,000
- 3.5% > $35,000
- 5.525% > $40,000
- 6.37% > $75,000
- 8.97% > $500,000
- 10.75% > $1,000,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.4% > $0
- 1.75% > $20,000
- 2.45% > $50,000
- 3.5% > $70,000
- 5.525% > $80,000
- 6.37% > $150,000
- 8.97% > $500,000
- 10.75% > $1,000,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): NA
- Standard Deduction (Couple): NA
- Personal Exemption (Single): $1,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $2,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,500
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New Mexico
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.7% > $0
- 3.2% > $5,500
- 4.7% > $11,000
- 4.9% > $16,000
- 5.9% > $210,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.7% > $0
- 3.2% > $8,000
- 4.7% > $16,000
- 4.9% > $24,000
- 5.9% > $315,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): NA
- Personal Exemption (Couple): n.a.
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $4,000
Understanding State Tax Brackets: A Guide for Filers
New York
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4% > $0
- 4.5% > $8,500
- 5.25% > $11,700
- 5.5% > $13,900
- 6% > $80,650
- 6.85% > $215,400
- 9.65% > $1,077,550
- 10.3% > $5,000,000
- 10.9% > $25,000,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4% > $0
- 4.5% > $17,150
- 5.25% > $23,600
- 5.5% > $27,900
- 6% > $161,550
- 6.85% > $323,200
- 9.65% > $2,155,350
- 10.3% > $5,000,000
- 10.9% > $25,000,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $8,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $16,050
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
North Carolina
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.5%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $12,750
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $25,500
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
North Dakota
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.95% > $44,725
- 2.5% > $225,975
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 1.95% > $74,750
- 2.5% > $275,100
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
Ohio
- Single Filer and Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 2.75% > $26,050
- 3.5% > $92,150
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): $2,400
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $4,800
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $2,500
Oklahoma
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 0.25% > $0
- 0.75% > $1,000
- 1.75% > $2,500
- 2.75% > $3,750
- 3.75% > $4,900
- 4.75% > $7,200
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 0.25% > $0
- 0.75% > $2,000
- 1.75% > $5,000
- 2.75% > $7,500
- 3.75% > $9,800
- 4.75% > $12,200
- Standard Deduction (Single): $6,350
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $12,700
- Personal Exemption (Single): $1,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $2,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,000
Oregon
- Single Filer Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4.75% > $0
- 6.75% > $4,300
- 8.75% > $10,750
- 9.9% > $125,000
- Married Filing Jointly Tax Rates by Bracket
- 4.75% > $0
- 6.75% > $8,600
- 8.75% > $21,500
- 9.9% > $250,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $2,745
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $5,495
- Personal Exemption (Single): $249 credit
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $498 credit
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $249 credit
Pennsylvania
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 3.07%
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
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Rhode Island
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers and Married Couples
- 3.75% for income above $0
- 4.75% for income above $77,450
- 5.99% for income above $176,050
- Standard Deduction (Single): $10,550
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $21,150
- Personal Exemption (Single): $4,950
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $9,900
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $4,950
South Carolina
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers and Married Couples
- 0% for income above $0
- 3% for income above $3,460
- 6.4% for income above $17,330
- Standard Deduction (Single): $14,600
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $29,200
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $4,610
South Dakota
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.65%
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
Tennessee
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Texas
- Income Tax Rate: 0% (Texas does not have a state income tax)
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
Utah
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 4.65%
- Standard Deduction (Single): $876 credit
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $1,752 credit
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $1,941
Vermont
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers
- 3.35% for income above $0
- 6.6% for income above $45,400
- 7.6% for income above $110,050
- 8.75% for income above $229,550
- Income Tax Rates for Married Filers
- 3.35% for income above $0
- 6.6% for income above $75,850
- 7.6% for income above $183,400
- 8.75% for income above $279,450
- Standard Deduction (Single): $7,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $14,050
- Personal Exemption (Single): $4,850
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $9,700
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $4,850
Virginia
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers and Married Couples
- 2% for income above $0
- 3% for income above $3,000
- 5% for income above $5,000
- 5.75% for income above $17,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): $8,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $16,000
- Personal Exemption (Single): $930
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $1,860
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $930
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Washington
- Flat Income Tax Rate: 7% on capital gains income only
- Standard Deduction (Single): $250,000
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $250,000
- Personal Exemption (Single): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): Not Applicable
West Virginia
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers and Married Couples
- 2.36% for income above $0
- 3.15% for income above $10,000
- 3.54% for income above $25,000
- 4.72% for income above $40,000
- 5.12% for income above $60,000
- Standard Deduction (Single): Not Applicable
- Standard Deduction (Couple): Not Applicable
- Personal Exemption (Single): $2,000
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $4,000
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $2,000
Wisconsin
- Income Tax Rates for Single Filers
- 3.5% for income above $0
- 4.4% for income above $14,320
- 5.3% for income above $28,640
- 7.65% for income above $315,310
- Income Tax Rates for Married Filers
- 3.5% for income above $0
- 4.4% for income above $19,090
- 5.3% for income above $38,190
- 7.65% for income above $420,420
- Standard Deduction (Single): $13,230
- Standard Deduction (Couple): $24,490
- Personal Exemption (Single): $700
- Personal Exemption (Couple): $1,400
- Personal Exemption (Dependent): $700
Wyoming
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This article originally appeared on GOBankingRates.com: Here’s the Income Tax in Every State.
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